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KMID : 1143420200130503537
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Public Health Weekly Report
2020 Volume.13 No. 50 p.3537 ~ p.3548
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COVID-19 Impact on Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance
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Kim Heui-Man
Lee Hyeok-Jin
Lee Nam-Joo
Kim Eun-Jin
Rhee Jee-Eun
Kim Gab-Jung
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Abstract
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Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus that emerged in China in 2019, significantly impacted the detection rate of influenza and respiratory viruses in the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS). The aim of this article was to share the results of surveillance for respiratory viruses and present findings on the unprecedented changes in respiratory virus detection patterns in surveillance results. In 2020, the high intensity of social distancing and active wearing of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19 resulted in a reduction in the number of influenza-like illness (ILI) patients as well as a reduction in the number of respiratory specimens collected by KINRESS. In addition, over the past five years (2015-2019), the first influenza virus was detected in either week 36 or week 37, while no influenza virus was detected until week 46 in 2020. However, the detection rate of the human rhinovirus (HRV), the most frequent year-round pathogen of the common cold, in ILI patients increased after the COVID-19 outbreak occurred in January 2020. A high detection rate of HRV was also reported in private diagnosis sectors which perform influenza and respiratory virus diagnosis from ILI patients as non-sentinel hospitals. Interestingly, the detection rate of HRV was high after the COVID-19 outbreak. It is generally accepted that the high detection rate of HRV is related to resilience against environmental conditions as a non-enveloped virus and related to the long period of viral shedding from patients. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) is strengthening influenza and other respiratory viruses surveillance by enlarging its collection of specimens of COVID-19 negative patients with respiratory symptoms. In addition, the KDCA is cooperating with private diagnosis sectors to reinforce the national surveillance program.
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KEYWORD
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COVID-19, Influenza virus, Rhinovirus, Respiratory virus, Surveillance
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